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''Virology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in virology. Established in 1955 by George Hirst, Lindsay Black and Salvador Luria, it is the earliest English-only journal to specialise in the field. The journal covers basic research into viruses affecting animals, plants, bacteria and fungi, including their molecular biology, structure, assembly, pathogenesis, immunity, interactions with the host cell, evolution and ecology. Molecular aspects of control and prevention are also covered, as well as viral vectors and gene therapy, but clinical virology is excluded.〔 As of 2013, the journal is published fortnightly by Elsevier. ==History== The field of virology began in the 1890s, with the discovery of infectious agents small enough to pass through filters sufficiently fine to catch bacteria.〔 The first specialist journal in the field, ''Archiv für die gesamte Virusforschung'', appeared in 1939. Published by Springer-Verlag out of its Vienna office, its papers were in a mixture of languages, mainly German, French and English, and as the Second World War continued, publication became erratic.〔〔(National Library of Medicine: NLM catalog: ''Archiv für die gesamte Virusforschung'' ) (accessed 18 February 2013)〕〔(SpringerLink: ''Archives of Virology'': All Volumes & Issues ) (accessed 18 February 2013)〕〔van Helvoort T. When did virology start? ''ASM News'' 62: 142–145〕 Most research continued to be published in non-specialist scientific and medical journals, with the research communities studying the viruses of animals, plants and bacteria remaining separated from one another.〔〔Hirst GK. (1962) Development of virology as an independent science. ''British Medical Journal'' 26 May: 1431–1437 ((pdf ))〕 George Hirst, Lindsay Black and Salvador Luria saw the need for a journal that united basic science research across all viruses, regardless of their host species.〔Schlesinger RW, Granoff A (1994) "George K. Hirst (1909–1994)" ''Virology'' 200: 327〕 They established ''Virology'' in 1955, and the journal first appeared in May of that year.〔Joklik WK. (1999) When two is better than one: Thoughts on three decades of interaction between ''Virology'' and the ''Journal of Virology''. ''J Virol'' 73: 3520–3523 ((text ))〕〔(Elsevier: Michael Emerman named editor-in-chief of ''Virology'' ) (accessed 17 February 2013)〕〔(Science Direct: ''Virology'' Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1-139 (May 1955) ) (accessed 17 February 2013)〕 It was the first English-only journal to focus on virology,〔 and is the oldest United States-based journal in the specialism.〔(Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center: Michael Emerman: Virology's new editor-in-chief ) (accessed 17 February 2013)〕 Hirst was the founding editor-in-chief, with Black and Luria being co-editors.〔 Between them, they covered the major disciplines of viruses infecting animals (Hirst), plants (Black) and bacteria (Luria).〔(George Keble Hirst, 84, is dead; a pioneer in molecular virology. ''New York Times'' (26 January 1994) ) (accessed 18 February 2013)〕〔Brakke MK, Reddy DVR. (1998) Lindsay M. Black, 1907 to 1997. ''Phytopathology'' 88: 872 ((pdf )) (accessed 18 February 2013)〕〔(National Library of Medicine: Profiles in Science: The Salvador E. Luria Papers ) (accessed 18 February 2013)〕 Unlike several other long-established general journals in the field, such as the ''Journal of Virology'' from the American Society for Microbiology and the Society for General Microbiology's ''Journal of General Virology'' (which both first appeared in 1967), ''Virology'' is a commercial journal which has never been associated with an academic society.〔〔 It was originally published by Academic Press, and then under the Academic Press imprints of purchasers Harcourt, Brace & World and Elsevier.〔Wagner RR. (1999) The ''Journal of Virology'': a Personal Retrospective. ''J Virol'' 73: 3515–3519 ((text ))〕〔(National Library of Medicine: NLM catalogue: ''Virology'' ) (accessed 18 February 2013)〕 The journal was soon successful. Robert Wagner, founding editor of the ''Journal of Virology'', describes ''Virology'' in the mid-1960s as "the well-established Academic Press journal ''Virology'', which had an excellent reputation and to which many virus researchers, including myself, submitted their very best papers."〔 Seven issues in two volumes were published in the initial year, with a total of 538 pages. In 1959, the frequency increased to monthly, with three annual volumes, and the journal had nearly quadrupled in size by its sixth year.〔〔 The frequency increased to 14 issues per year in 1976, returning to monthly in 1987, and then increasing again over 1994–95 to reach twice monthly in 1996.〔(Science Direct: ''Virology'' Contents ) (accessed 18 February 2013)〕 The first issue contained a broad mix of research including papers on bacteriophages, the plant viruses, tobacco mosaic and potato virus X, and the animal viruses, influenza, Rift Valley fever and poliovirus. Authors included Renato Dulbecco, Alfred Hershey, Raymond Latarjet, André Michel Lwoff and Marguerite Vogt, among others. The journal had an international authorship from the start, with authors from the United States and France, two major centres of phage research at that date, as well as Japan.〔 The early content was biased towards virus structure and replication, which made up two-thirds of the content in the mid-1960s, but have gradually been replaced by research into pathogenesis, immunity and interactions with the host cell, which made up more than two-thirds of the journal in 1999.〔 The early journal was particularly known for publishing research into plant viruses. Wagner writes "our competitor, ''Virology'', had emphasized plant viruses to such a degree that this area had become a paramount part of their publishing effort and most plant virologists looked upon ''Virology'' as their journal."〔 This focus changed over time, and by 1999, animal viruses were the subject of over 88% of the journal's content.〔 Hirst served as editor-in-chief for 21 years until 1975, and his influence on the journal was enormous. When he retired, his co-editors wrote that "he has defined the journal's objectives and established its style."〔 Hirst has had only three successors:〔 Wolfgang Joklik served for 18 years (1975–1994) and was succeeded by Robert A. Lamb (1994–2012).〔〔(Northwestern University: Lamb Laboratory: Curriculum Vitae: Robert Andrew Lamb ) (accessed 17 February 2013)〕 The present editor-in-chief, Michael Emerman (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA), took over in January 2013.〔〔(Elsevier: ''Virology'' Editorial Board ) (accessed 17 February 2013)〕 Of Hirst's co-founders, Luria, the well-known phage researcher, remained a co-editor for 18 years; Black was the plant virus editor until 1965.〔〔 Another well-known co-editor was Arnold J. Levine (1975–1984), who left ''Virology'' to become editor-in-chief of the ''Journal of Virology''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Virology (journal)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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